News
Credibility ,Related Specifications |
|
Australia | AS 2837-1986-321 |
Germany | W.Nr 1.4541 X6CrNiTi18 10 |
Great Britain | BS970 Part 3 1991 321S31 BS970 - 1955 EN58B/EN58C |
Japan | JIS G4303 SuS 321 |
USA | ASTM A276-98b 321 SAE 30321 AISI 321 UNS S32100 |
Chemical Composition | |||||||||||
Min. % | Max % | ||||||||||
Carbon | 0 | 0.08 | |||||||||
Silicon | 0 | 1.00 | |||||||||
Manganese | 0 | 2.00 | |||||||||
Nickel | 9.00 | 12.00 | |||||||||
Chromium | 17.00 | 19.00 | |||||||||
Titanium | 5 x Carbon | 0.80 | |||||||||
Phosphorous | 0 | 0.045 | |||||||||
Sulphur | 0 | 0.03 |
Elevated Temperature Properties | |||||||||||
321 Stainless Steel displays good oxidation resistance in continuous service up to 930oC, and in intermittent service up to 870oC. It can also be used within the carbide precipitation range 430oC - 870oC without the risk of intergranular corrosion. Mechanical properties are reduced as temperature increases. | |||||||||||
Typical Mechanical Properties - Annealed at Elevated Temperatures | |||||||||||
Temperature oC | 20 | 430 | 550 | 650 | 760 | 870 | |||||
Short - Time Tensile Tests | Tensile Strength Mpa | 580 | 425 | 365 | 310 | 205 | 140 | ||||
Yield Strength Mpa | 240 | 170 | 150 | 135 | 105 | 70 | |||||
Elongation in 50mm % | 60 | 38 | 35 | 32 | 33 | 40 | |||||
Creep Tests | Stress for 1% Creep in 10,000 Hours Mpa |
115 | 50 | 14 |
Hot Working | Working temperatures of 2100-2300 F (1149-1260 C) are recommended for forging, upsetting and other hot work processes. Do not work this alloy at temperatures below 1700 F ( 927 C). Material must be water quenched or fully annealed after working to reattain maximum corrosion resistance. | |
Cold Working | Although this material requires higher initial forces than 304 stainless, it is quite tough and ductile and can be readily stamped, blanked, spun and drawn. |
Applications | Jet engine parts, furnace heat treated parts, expansion joints, turbo superchargers, oil refiners, exhaust manifolds and high temperature chemical production equipment. |
321 Stainless is available in the following forms at Yaang
Notes on Carbide Precipitation and the Stabilizing Action of Titanium
Stainless steels during annealing are heated to fairly high temperatures, typically 1050oC - 1100oC to ensure that all chromium carbides present are dissolved and all of the chromium is taken into solution in the austenite. The steel is then quench-annealed as rapidly as possible generally in clean water, but thin sections (pipe etc.) can be air cooled, this being necessary to suppress any re-formation of chromium carbide which would occur if the material was allowed to slow cool in the furnace etc. as with standard annealing procedures.The resultant austenitic structure at room temperature has optimum corrosion resistance containing as it does all of the chromium in solution. If subsequently used in service at room temperature while some slight precipitation of chromium carbide can occur over an extended period this will generally have little affect on corrosion resistance. This situation changes drastically when heat is applied either in service, or during welding, especially when heating through the range 430oC - 850oC, then the carbon and chromium atoms will move (precipitate) coming together to form chromium carbide (Cr23C6), depleting the structure of chromium and its corrosion resistance.Titanium acts as a stabilizer because the carbon has more affinity to it than it has to the chromium, thus titanium carbide is formed instead and the chromium is unaffected giving the material optimum corrosion resistance.
Source: Yaang Pipe Industry Co., Limited (www.yaang.com)
Tel No:+86-18267732328 / Email:[email protected]
Address:Longwan District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
Copyright Notice © www.yaang.com Yaang Pipe Industry Co., Limited All rights reserved.
Yaang Pipe Industry Co., Ltd. is an international supplier of piping solutions for flange, butt welding fittings, socket welding fittings and threaded fittings. Our products are widely used in different industrial fields, including oil and gas, chemical industry, petrochemical industry, power plant, pulp and paper industry, environmental and water conservancy engineering, engineering projects, etc.