321 Stainless Steel Chemical Composition, Mechanical, Physical Properties By yaang.com

Type 321 Stainless Steel is a stabilized austenitic stainless steel similar to Type 304 Stainless Steel but with a titanium addition of at least five times the carbon content. This titanium addition reduces or prevents carbide precipitation during welding and in 800 - 1500°F service. It also improves the elevated temperature properties of the alloy. Type 321 Stainless Steel provides excellent resistance to oxidation and corrosion and possesses good creep strength. It is used primarily in applications involving continuous and intermittent service temperatures within the carbide precipitation range of 800 - 1500°F.

Product Forms:

Stainless Steel Flanges, Stainless Steel Pipe Fittings, Stainless Steel Pipes, Seamless Stainless Steel Pipe, Stainless Steel Elbow, Stainless Steel Angle Bars

Specifications:

ASTM A240

Typical Applications:

annealing covers, high-temperature tempering equipment, diesel and heavy duty automotive exhaust systems, firewalls, stack liners, boiler casings, welded pressure vessels, jet aircraft components, radiant super heaters, bellows and oil refinery equipment

Chemical Composition: ASTM A240

Element	Type 321
Carbon	0.08 max.
Manganese	2.00 max.
Sulfur	0.030 max.
Phosphorus	0.045 max.
Silicon	0.75 max.
Chromium	17.00 – 19.00
Nickel	9.00 – 12.00
Titanium	5x(C+N) min. – 0.70 max.
Nitrogen	0.10 max.

Mechanical Properties:

Type	Yield Strength 0.2% offset (KSI)	Tensile Strength (KSI)	% Elongation (2" Gauge length)	Hardness Rockwell
321	30 min.	75 min.	40 min.	HRB 95 max.

Physical Properties:

Density (lb./ in^2) @ RT		0.29
Modulus of Elasticity in Tension (psi x 10^6)		28.0
Specific Heat (BTU/o F/lb.)	32 to 212 oF	0.12
Thermal Conductivity (BTU/hr/ft^2/ft)	212oF	9.3
	932oF	12.8
Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (in. x 10^-6 per o F)	32 to 212oF	9.2
	32 to 600oF	9.5
	32 to 1,000oF	10.3
	32 to 1,200oF	10.7
Electrical Resistivity (micro ohms - cm)	at 70oF	28.4
Melting Point Range (oF)		2500 - 2550

APPLICATIONS

Ball Valves
Stainless Steel Pipes

Airplane exhaust manifolds
Mechanical Seals
Heat Exchangers
Stainless Steel Pipe Fittings

Boiler shells
Process equipment

Stainless Steel Angle Bars

Expansion joints
Flexible couplings
Pressure vessels
Stainless Steel Flanges

Cabin heaters
Fire walls

Processing:

Type 321 Stainless Steel is non-hardenable by heat treatment. Annealing: Heat to 1750 - 2050°F, then water quench or air cool. Forming: Type 321 can be readily formed and drawn. Like most austenitic stainless steels, Type 321 Stainless Steel work hardens and may require annealing after severe forming.

Welding:

This particular alloy is generally considered to have comparable weldability to Types 304 Stainless Steel and 304L Stainless Steel. A major difference is the titanium addition that reduces or prevents carbide precipitation during welding. When a filler is needed, either AWS E/ER 347 Stainless Steel or E/ER 321 Stainless Steel is most often specified.

Corrosion:

Type 321 Stainless Steel exhibits excellent resistance to organic chemicals, dyestuffs, and a wide range of inorganic chemicals. It resists nitric acid well and the sulfur acids moderately. Long-time exposure in the 900 -1500°F range may lower its general corrosion resistance, but the grade still shows improved resistance to intergranular corrosion compared to unstabilized grades.

Source: Yaang Pipe Industry Co., Limited (www.yaang.com)

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