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Comparison of Chinese stainless steel products with Russian domestic products

DataTime:[2023-8-3]
From the point of view of product standards, a detailed comparison is made between Chinese stainless steel products exported to Russia and Russian domestic products, thus proving that Chinese products have strong market competitiveness.
Stainless steel products produced in China are exported all over the world. In recent years, Russia proposed that China's exports of stainless steel products to Russia have dumping behavior. Russia's stainless steel industry development level compared with China has a big gap and thus does not have direct competitiveness; China’s exports of stainless steel products are likely to avoid causing damage to the Russian industry.
In this paper, from the perspective of product standards, China's exports to Russia and Russia's domestic production products are compared to prove that China's products have no dumping behavior in Russia.

1. Comparison of chemical composition

(1) China's exports to Russia's nickel-containing stainless steel products of the main steel grades are 304, 321, 316Ti, 309S, and 310S, of which 309S and 310S, the two steel grades, no matter Russia's national stainless steel product standards, or the complaining enterprises on the website of the disclosure of the product varieties, there are no such products. China exports the largest number of products in the steel number 304, according to the requirements of Russian customers; China exports to Russia this steel number of the implementation of the U.S. standard or European standards.
The Russian national standard for products similar to this grade is 08X18H10, 304, and 08X18H10. Compared to the Chinese production of domestic sales of this variety and exported to Russia of this variety of nickel mass fraction are 8%-10.5%, then the Russian domestic products of the lower limit of the fraction quality (9%-11%) 1% lower. According to the 2008 LME nickel annual average price of more than 20,000 U.S. dollars/t calculation, China's products can be less than 1% of the nickel added to reduce the cost of more than 200 U.S. dollars/t compared with similar products in Russia; at the same time, China's production of domestic sales of products exported from China to Russia's products chromium higher than 0.5% (mass fraction), chromium mass fraction higher than the Russian domestic production of similar products of 1%, although therefore Although this increases the cost of about 25 dollars/t, but therefore has a higher corrosion resistance than the Russian products. In a comprehensive comparison, 304 produced in China and exported to Russia has a lower cost of about $200/t and a higher corrosion resistance index than similar products produced domestically in Russia.1 Therefore, 304 produced in China and exported to Russia has a lower cost and higher quality than 08X18H10, produced domestically in Russia. Details are shown in Table 1.

Table.1 Composition of Chinese 304 products vs. Russian 08X18H10 products %

Grade Standard w(C) w(Si) w(Mn) w(P) w(S) w(Cr) w(Ni) w(Mo) w(N) w(Ti) w(W)
06Cr19Ni10 GB 3280-2007 ≤0.08 ≤0.75 ≤2.00 ≤0.045 ≤0.030 18.00-20 8.00-10.5 ≤0.10
AISI304 ASTM ≤0.07 ≤0.75 ≤2.00 ≤0.045 ≤0.030 17.5-19.5 8.00-10.5 ≤0.10
X5CrNi18-10 1.4301 EN ≤0.07 ≤1.00 ≤2.00 ≤0.015 17.50-19.5 8.00-10.5 ≤0.11
08X18H10 GOST5632-72 ≤0.08 ≤0.80 ≤2.00 ≤0.035 ≤0.020 17.00-19 9.00-11 ≤0.3 ≤0.11 ≤0.5 ≤0.20
(2) China exports nickel-containing stainless steel products to Russia, the second largest number of U.S. standard 321 grade, the Chinese standard with its counterpart is 07Cr19Ni11Ti, according to the requirements of the Russian customers, China's exports to Russia of this steel number to implement the U.S. or EU standards.
The Russian national standard for this grade is 12Х18Н10Т, one of the main grades of stainless steel when the international stainless steel production technology was relatively backward. With the continuous improvement of international stainless steel technology, especially the production of ultra-low carbon titanium-free stainless steels (e.g., 304L, corresponding to 022Cr19Ni10 in Chinese standard) has gradually become the main stainless steel grades, 12Х18Н10Т has become an unrecommended grade, such as the Chinese Standard for Stainless Steel Cold-Rolled Sheet (GB/T3280) and Stainless Steel Hot-Rolled Sheet (GB/T3280) of 1992, and the Chinese Standard for Stainless Steel Cold-Rolled Sheet (GB/T3280) of 1992. For example, the Chinese Standard for Stainless Steel Cold-Rolled Sheets of 1992 (GB/T3280-1992) and the Standard for Stainless Steel Hot-Rolled Sheets of 1992 (GB/T4237-1992) have already listed the equivalent (1Cr18Ni11Ti, i.e., 07Cr19Ni11Ti in the Standard of 2007) as an unrecommended steel grade in the Chinese Standard, with a special marking: "For specialized use only". The steel grade close to it produced for domestic sale in China is 06Cr18Ni11Ti, which, compared to 12Х18Н10Т (i.e., 07Cr18Ni10Ti), has a lower carbon content and is, therefore, more difficult to produce; the nickel content is higher, and accordingly, the cost is higher; but the corrosion resistance is much stronger, and the machinability is also better. Therefore, the domestic sales of 321 level of 06Cr18Ni11Ti market price are generally higher than the export of Russia, with the same belonging to the U.S. standard 321 level, but does not belong to the same steel exported to Russia's 07Cr19Ni11Ti (i.e., 12X18H10T) should not belong to the same type of product.
In addition, there are some domestic 07Cr19Ni11Ti sales, mainly used in special areas such as nuclear power plants, so the technical requirements are generally higher. Therefore, the corresponding sales price is also high, the same with the export of Russia's 07Cr19Ni11Ti does not have a comparable.
(3) China's exports to Russia in the number of nickel-containing stainless steel products in a larger number of steel grade 316Ti, according to the requirements of Russian customers, China's exports to Russia, the implementation of the U.S. standard for this steel grade.
Russian national standards similar to this steel number of products is 08X17H13M2T, 316Ti, and 08X17H13M2T compared to China's production of domestic sales of the species and exports to Russia of the species of nickel mass fraction are 10% -14%, then the Russian domestic products nickel mass fraction (12% -14%) the lower limit of 2%, according to the 2008 LME nickel annual average price of more than $ 20,000/t. According to the annual average price of LME nickel in 2008, which is more than 20,000 USD/t, Chinese products can add 2% less nickel, which reduces the cost by more than 400 USD/t compared with similar products in Russia. Therefore, 316Ti produced in China and exported to Russia is less costly than 08X17H13M2T produced domestically in Russia, and again not comparable overall. See Table 2 for details.
Table.2 Composition of Chinese product 316Ti vs. Russian product 08X17H13M2T %
Grade Standard w(C) w(Si) w(Mn) w(P) w(S) w(Cr) w(Ni) w(Mo) w(N) w(Ti) w(W)
06Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti GB 3280- 2007 ≤0.08 ≤0.75 ≤2 ≤0.045 ≤0.03 16.00-18 10.00-14 2.00-3 0 Ti≥5C
316Ti ASTM ≤0.08 ≤0.75 ≤2 ≤0.045 ≤0.03 16.00-18 10.00-14 2.00-3 ≤0.10 Ti5 x (C+N)%-0.70
X6CrNi-MoTi17- 12-12-2 - 1.4571 EN ≤0.08 ≤1.00 ≤2 ≤0.045 ≤0.015 16.50-18.5 10.50-13.5 2.00- ≤0.10 Ti5 x C%-0.70
08X17H13M2T GOST5632-72 ≤0.08 ≤0.80 ≤2 ≤0.035 ≤0.02 16.0-18 12.0-14 2.00-3 — Ti5 x C%-0.70 ≤0.20

In summary, China exports to Russia nickel-containing stainless steel plates, 304, 321, 316Ti, 309S, 310S, and most other steel grades, either with the Russian domestic production of products is not comparable, or with China's domestic sales of products is not comparable, so there is no dumping behavior.

stainless steel plate

2. Comparison of Plate Geometry

2.1 On hot rolled coils

China's production and export of Russian nickel-containing stainless steel hot-rolled coils, the thickness of the product range of 2-20mm, while according to the Russian industry's indictment and its corporate website, the Russian industry produces stainless steel hot-rolled coils in the thickness range of 3.5-6.0mm. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Russian industry cannot produce stainless steel hot-rolled coils larger than 6.0mm.

2.2 On the stainless steel hot-rolled non-coil (flat)

  • (1) Directly rolled stainless steel non-coil (also known as flat plate or medium thick plate, professionally known in the industry as PMP) that has yet to be further processed except for hot rolling. According to the indictment of the Russian industry and its corporate website, the Red October plant can produce stainless steel hot-rolled non-coil (flat) thickness of 2-100mm, but due to its production of stainless steel hot-rolled non-coil raw materials: stainless steel continuous casting billet maximum width of only 420mm, its hot rolling mill for the 560 can only be produced in a maximum width of not more than 560mm of the product; Mechel hot-rolled stainless steel non-coil (flat) product specifications. The product specification range of Mechel hot rolled stainless steel non-coil (flat sheet) is thickness (4.0-6.0) mm × width 1000 mm × length (2000-4000) mm and (6.0-20.0) mm × width (1400-1600) mm × length (4000-6000) mm, while China produces and exports to Russia stainless steel hot rolled non-coil (flat sheet) in the range of dimensions of Thickness (6-120) mm x width (900-3000)mm x length (4000-12000)mm.
  • (2) Non-coil material (called rolled cut plate or open plate, industry professional name CMP) formed based on stainless steel hot rolled coils through leveling and shearing. In the stainless steel hot rolled coil based on non-coil formation through the flat, shear is a great technological innovation in the stainless steel industry. At present, all the international information agencies are not Russia can "in the stainless steel hot-rolled coils based on flattening, shearing the formation of non-coil material (also known as coil cut plate or open plate, the industry's professional name for the CMP)," the ability to report.

2.3 About stainless steel cold-rolled sheet

China's production and export of stainless steel cold-rolled sheet size specifications for Russia's exports range of thickness (0.3-8.0) mm × width (900-2000) mm × C (coils), Russia's production of stainless steel cold-rolled sheet size specifications range of thickness (0.5-3.0) mm × width (11-1300) mm × C (coils). And China's production and export of stainless steel cold rolled coil Russia's maximum coil weight can be more than 30t, while the Russian production of stainless steel cold rolled coil of a maximum coil weight of 6t.

3. Other non-comparable factors

China's stainless steel cold rolling mill rolling the maximum deformation of 83%; China’s raw materials for stainless steel cold rolled sheet: stainless steel hot rolled coil of the thinnest thickness of 2mm or less; Russia's stainless steel cold rolling mill rolling the maximum deformation of 60% (and even some of them are only 40%), Russia's raw materials for stainless steel cold rolled sheet: stainless steel hot rolled coil of the thinnest thickness of 3.5mm.
China's stainless steel industry can use a 2mm stainless steel hot rolled coil thickness of 0.3mm cold rolled sheet. In comparison, the Russian stainless steel industry uses 3.5mm stainless steel hot rolled coil that can only be rolled out of the thickness of 1.4-2.1mm, even if the rolling of two times is still not up to the thickness of China's industry can be reached at one time. Therefore, the high cost of Russian stainless steel cold-rolled products becomes necessary.
Therefore, Russia's products, compared with Chinese products, are not competitive. Therefore, even if there is damage, the Russian stainless steel industry can only be the inevitable result of its backwardness. There is no causal relationship with imported products, especially with the above, and the Russian domestic industry, in general, is not competitive with the import of Chinese products.
Author: Zhang Dongling
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